濟南夏季高溫多雨，氣溫常超 30℃且濕度大，對石膏粉施工影響顯著，需掌握適配技巧保障質量。

　　Jinan is hot and rainy in summer, with temperatures often exceeding 30 ℃ and high humidity, which has a significant impact on gypsum powder construction. It is necessary to master adaptation techniques to ensure quality.

　　合理安排施工時間很關鍵。避開正午高溫（12:00-14:00），此時石膏凝結可能縮短至 10 分鐘內，可選早晨（6:00-9:00）或傍晚（17:00-19:00），氣溫約 25℃、濕度 50%-60% 更適宜。正午施工需降溫：放冰塊或向地面灑水（不噴墻面），控溫在 30℃以下。避開雨天及雨后立即施工，待墻面含水率≤10%（用濕度計測）再進行，防止因高濕降低石膏強度。

　　Reasonable arrangement of construction time is crucial. Avoid high temperatures at noon (12:00-14:00), during which gypsum setting may be shortened to within 10 minutes. You can choose between morning (6:00-9:00) or evening (17:00-19:00), with a temperature of about 25 ℃ and humidity of 50% -60%, which is more suitable. Cooling during noon construction: Place ice cubes or sprinkle water on the ground (not on the walls), and keep the temperature below 30 ℃. Avoid rainy days and carry out construction immediately after rain. Wait until the moisture content of the wall is ≤ 10% (measured with a hygrometer) before proceeding to prevent a decrease in gypsum strength due to high humidity.

　　材料調配要適配夏季特性。粉水比通常 1:0.6-0.7，夏季可多加水 5%-10%，將初凝時間控制在 20-30 分鐘，確保操作時間充足，但水量不可過多以免降強度。用電動攪拌器（300-500r/min）攪拌 2-3 分鐘，確保無結塊，每次攪拌量不超 30kg，避免未用完就凝固。需調整凝結時間可加檸檬酸（量≤石膏粉重的 0.5%），先溶于水再混合，防固化不均。

　　The material blending should be adapted to the characteristics of summer. The ratio of powder to water is usually 1:0.6-0.7. In summer, an additional 5% -10% water can be added. The initial setting time should be controlled at 20-30 minutes to ensure sufficient operation time, but the amount of water should not be too much to avoid reducing strength. Stir with an electric mixer (300-500r/min) for 2-3 minutes to ensure no clumping. The stirring amount should not exceed 30kg per time to avoid solidification before use. To adjust the setting time, citric acid (amount ≤ 0.5% of gypsum powder weight) can be added and dissolved in water before mixing to prevent uneven solidification.

　　施工操作注重細節把控。施工前用濕布輕擦墻面（不積水），降溫和除灰塵油污。單次涂抹厚度≤10mm，過厚易因干燥不均開裂，可分層施工：第一層薄涂 3-5mm 打底，初凝后（手指輕按無痕跡）涂第二層，兩層間用刮刀劃紋增強粘結。陰陽角用靠尺找平，垂直度偏差≤3mm，方正度≤2mm，涂抹后立即壓實防氣泡。石膏漿初凝（結塊、流動性差）后不可加水重拌，需換新材料。

　　Construction operations pay attention to detail control. Before construction, gently wipe the wall with a damp cloth (without water accumulation) to cool down and remove dust and oil stains. The thickness of a single application is ≤ 10mm. If it is too thick, it may crack due to uneven drying. It can be applied layer by layer: the first layer should be thinly coated with 3-5mm as a base, and the second layer should be applied after initial setting (with no trace when lightly pressed by fingers). Use a scraper to scratch and enhance the bonding between the two layers. Use a ruler to level the internal and external corners, with a verticality deviation of ≤ 3mm and a squareness deviation of ≤ 2mm. After application, immediately compact and prevent air bubbles. After the initial setting (clumping, poor fluidity) of gypsum slurry, it cannot be mixed with water again and needs to be replaced with new materials.

　　科學養護與干燥處理是保障。初凝后（約 1 小時）保濕養護，每天用噴霧器灑水 2-3 次，持續 2-3 天，防高溫導致表面過快干燥開裂。大面積施工可覆蓋濕棉布，干燥后及時灑水，讓水分均勻蒸發減收縮應力。保持通風但防強風直吹（可用窗簾遮擋），避免表面比內部干得快形成龜裂紋。環境濕度＜40% 時，放水盆增濕減緩干燥。

　　Scientific maintenance and drying treatment are guarantees. After initial setting (about 1 hour), wet and cure. Use a spray to spray water 2-3 times a day for 2-3 days to prevent the surface from drying and cracking too quickly due to high temperature. Large scale construction can be covered with wet cotton cloth, and after drying, water should be sprinkled in a timely manner to evenly evaporate moisture and reduce shrinkage stress. Maintain ventilation but prevent strong winds from blowing directly (curtains can be used to cover it), to avoid the surface drying faster than the inside and forming cracks. When the environmental humidity is less than 40%, the water basin is used to increase humidity and slow down drying.

　　預防與處理常見問題。陽光直射部位易凝結過快，可先遮擋或涂 1-2mm 薄漿降墻面吸熱速度。表面出現＜0.5mm 細微裂紋，干燥后用加膠水的石膏漿填補再打磨。空鼓部位（敲擊空響）需鏟除周圍 5cm 范圍，清理后重涂。吊頂等造型石膏構件，施工后固定時間比常規多 24 小時，完全固化（強度≥70%）再拆支撐防變形。

　　Prevent and address common issues. The area exposed to direct sunlight is prone to rapid condensation. You can first block or apply 1-2mm thin paste to reduce the wall's heat absorption rate. Minor cracks of less than 0.5mm appear on the surface, and after drying, they are filled with gypsum slurry with glue and then polished. The hollow drum area (knocking sound) needs to be removed within a 5cm radius, cleaned, and reapplied. The gypsum components such as suspended ceilings are fixed for 24 hours more than usual after construction, fully cured (with a strength of ≥ 70%), and then the supports are removed to prevent deformation.

　　總之，濟南石膏粉夏季施工要控溫調時、精準調配材料、規范操作并做好養護，結合氣候特點應對，可有效避免質量問題。

　　In summary, the summer construction of gypsum powder in Jinan requires temperature and time control, precise material allocation, standardized operation, and proper maintenance, combined with climate characteristics to effectively avoid quality problems.

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