抹面砂漿開(kāi)裂的原因主要有以下幾方面：

　　The main reasons for cracking of plastering mortar are as follows:

　　基層處理不當(dāng)

　　Improper handling at the grassroots level

　　表面不清潔：基層表面附著灰塵、疏松物、脫模劑、油漬等雜物，未徹底清除干凈，會(huì)影響抹面砂漿與基層的粘結(jié)，導(dǎo)致砂漿層與基層脫離，從而產(chǎn)生裂縫。

　　Surface uncleanliness: Dust, loose materials, release agents, oil stains and other debris adhere to the surface of the base layer. If not thoroughly removed, it will affect the bonding between the plastering mortar and the base layer, causing the mortar layer to detach from the base layer and resulting in cracks.

　　平整度偏差大：墻面平整度偏差太大，一次抹灰太厚，砂漿在干燥過(guò)程中由于重力作用和收縮不均勻，容易與基層脫離或自身產(chǎn)生裂縫。

　　Large flatness deviation: The wall flatness deviation is too large, and the plastering is too thick at once. During the drying process, the mortar is prone to detachment from the base layer or cracks due to gravity and uneven shrinkage.

　　界面處理不佳：基面過(guò)于光滑，未做界面處理或界面處理不當(dāng)，不能抑制砂漿的干縮，使砂漿層與基層之間的粘結(jié)力不足，容易引發(fā)開(kāi)裂。

　　Poor interface treatment: The base surface is too smooth, without interface treatment or improper interface treatment, which cannot suppress the drying shrinkage of the mortar, resulting in insufficient bonding force between the mortar layer and the base layer, which is prone to cracking.

　　砂漿材料問(wèn)題

　　Mortar material issues

　　配合比不合理：砂漿和易性、保水性差，硬化后粘結(jié)強(qiáng)度低，容易導(dǎo)致抹面層開(kāi)裂。此外，各層抹灰層配比相差太大，也會(huì)使砂漿的收縮率不一致，產(chǎn)生裂縫。

　　Unreasonable mix proportion: Poor workability and water retention of mortar, low bonding strength after hardening, which can easily lead to cracking of the plaster layer. In addition, the significant difference in the proportion of each plastering layer can also result in inconsistent shrinkage rates of the mortar, leading to cracks.

　　材料質(zhì)量不佳：砂子含泥量過(guò)大或太細(xì)，水泥質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定，摻合料摻量過(guò)高或砂率太低等，都會(huì)影響砂漿的性能，增加開(kāi)裂的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　Poor material quality: sand with excessive or too fine mud content, unstable cement quality, high admixture content or low sand ratio can all affect the performance of mortar and increase the risk of cracking.

　　施工操作不當(dāng)

　　Improper construction operation

　　未分層抹灰：沒(méi)有按照規(guī)范要求進(jìn)行分層抹灰，一次抹灰太厚，或者分層抹灰時(shí)各層間隔時(shí)間過(guò)短，打底的砂漿還沒(méi)有終凝就抹第二層砂漿，容易因塑性收縮等原因產(chǎn)生裂紋。

　　Untamed plastering: Failure to apply layer by layer plastering according to the specification requirements, excessive thickness of one layer plastering, or short interval between layers during layer by layer plastering, and applying the second layer of mortar before the final setting of the base mortar, can easily cause cracks due to plastic shrinkage and other reasons.

　　壓光時(shí)間掌握不準(zhǔn)：抹面未收水前就進(jìn)行壓光，或者壓光時(shí)砂漿已硬化，用力搓抹，都會(huì)破壞砂漿的表面結(jié)構(gòu)，導(dǎo)致裂縫。

　　Inaccurate control of calendering time: calendering before the surface is finished or if the mortar has already hardened during calendering and is rubbed hard, it will damage the surface structure of the mortar and cause cracks.

　　養(yǎng)護(hù)不及時(shí)或不足：抹灰完成后，沒(méi)有及時(shí)進(jìn)行養(yǎng)護(hù)或養(yǎng)護(hù)時(shí)間太短，砂漿在干燥過(guò)程中水分蒸發(fā)過(guò)快，收縮加劇，容易產(chǎn)生裂縫。

　　Delayed or insufficient maintenance: After plastering is completed, if the maintenance is not carried out in a timely manner or the maintenance time is too short, the moisture of the mortar evaporates too quickly during the drying process, the shrinkage is intensified, and cracks are easily generated.

　　環(huán)境因素影響

　　Environmental factors have an impact

　　溫度變化：在溫度差異較大的環(huán)境下，砂漿會(huì)因熱脹冷縮產(chǎn)生應(yīng)力，當(dāng)應(yīng)力超過(guò)砂漿的承受能力時(shí)，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致開(kāi)裂。

　　Temperature changes: In environments with large temperature differences, mortar will experience stress due to thermal expansion and contraction. When the stress exceeds the mortar's bearing capacity, it will lead to cracking.

　　濕度變化：基層過(guò)于潮濕或環(huán)境濕度變化大，砂漿在凝固過(guò)程中，一部分水與水泥發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)，其余的水被蒸發(fā)掉，水蒸發(fā)后砂漿體積收縮，容易造成開(kāi)裂。

　　Humidity changes: If the base layer is too humid or the environmental humidity changes greatly, during the solidification process of the mortar, a part of the water reacts chemically with the cement, and the rest of the water evaporates. After the water evaporates, the volume of the mortar shrinks, which can easily cause cracking.

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