在家庭裝修或各類建筑裝飾工程中，墻面處理是極為關(guān)鍵的環(huán)節(jié)，而膩?zhàn)臃圩鳛閴γ婊鶎犹幚淼闹匾牧希湔{(diào)配方式直接關(guān)乎最終的施工效果與質(zhì)量。其中，在用膩?zhàn)臃蹠r(shí)是加膠水還是加水，常常讓施工人員和業(yè)主感到困惑。實(shí)際上，這一選擇并非隨意為之，而是要依據(jù)多種因素綜合考量。?

In home decoration or various building decoration projects, wall treatment is a crucial step, and putty powder, as an important material for wall base treatment, its mixing method directly affects the final construction effect and quality. Among them, whether to add glue or water when using putty powder often confuses construction workers and owners. In fact, this choice is not arbitrary, but needs to be comprehensively considered based on multiple factors. ?

傳統(tǒng)膩?zhàn)臃壅{(diào)配：加膠水的情況?

Traditional putty powder mixing: adding glue

在過去較長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，傳統(tǒng)的普通膩?zhàn)臃墼谑┕r(shí)，常需添加膠水來增強(qiáng)其性能。普通膩?zhàn)臃壑饕商妓徕}、滑石粉等填料以及少量添加劑組成，本身粘結(jié)強(qiáng)度相對(duì)較低。添加膠水，如常見的 108 膠水（聚乙烯醇縮甲醛膠），能夠顯著提升膩?zhàn)臃鄣恼辰Y(jié)力，使其更好地附著在墻面基層上，減少脫落風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。在一些老舊房屋的墻面翻新中，由于墻面基層可能存在粉化、疏松等問題，加膠水后的膩?zhàn)幽芨玫嘏c基層結(jié)合，起到加固和修復(fù)的作用。?

For a long time in the past, traditional ordinary putty powder often required the addition of glue to enhance its performance during construction. Ordinary putty powder is mainly composed of fillers such as calcium carbonate and talc powder, as well as a small amount of additives, and its bonding strength is relatively low. Adding glue, such as the common 108 glue (polyvinyl formal glue), can significantly improve the adhesion of putty powder, making it better adhere to the wall substrate and reducing the risk of detachment. In the wall renovation of some old houses, due to the possible problems of powdering and looseness in the wall base layer, the putty added with glue can better bond with the base layer, playing a role in reinforcement and repair. ?

從施工工藝角度來看，加膠水調(diào)配的膩?zhàn)臃墼谂螘r(shí)，具有更好的操作性和可塑性。它能夠讓膩?zhàn)釉趬γ婢鶆蚍植迹以谝欢ǔ潭壬蠝p少流墜現(xiàn)象，便于施工人員將膩?zhàn)庸纹健⒐伪。瑥亩_(dá)到理想的平整度。對(duì)于一些需要進(jìn)行大面積墻面找平的工程，這種調(diào)配方式能提高施工效率和質(zhì)量。?

From the perspective of construction technology, putty powder mixed with glue has better operability and plasticity during scraping. It can evenly distribute putty on the wall and reduce the phenomenon of sagging to a certain extent, making it easier for construction personnel to smooth and thin the putty, thus achieving the desired flatness. For some projects that require large-scale wall leveling, this allocation method can improve construction efficiency and quality. ?

然而，加膠水的做法并非毫無弊端。傳統(tǒng)膠水多含有甲醛等揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物（VOC），在施工過程中和日后使用中，會(huì)逐漸釋放到空氣中，對(duì)室內(nèi)環(huán)境造成污染，危害居住者的身體健康。隨著人們環(huán)保意識(shí)的增強(qiáng)以及對(duì)室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量要求的提高，這種加膠水調(diào)配膩?zhàn)臃鄣姆绞秸饾u受到限制。許多地區(qū)已經(jīng)明確規(guī)定，在室內(nèi)裝修中禁止使用含有害物質(zhì)的膠水與膩?zhàn)臃刍旌稀?

However, the method of adding glue is not without its drawbacks. Traditional adhesives often contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde, which are gradually released into the air during construction and future use, causing pollution to indoor environments and endangering the health of residents. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the growing demand for indoor air quality, this method of adding glue to mix putty powder is gradually being restricted. Many regions have clearly stipulated that the use of adhesives containing harmful substances mixed with putty powder is prohibited in indoor decoration. ?

現(xiàn)代膩?zhàn)臃壅{(diào)配：加水即可?

Modern putty powder mixing: just add water

隨著材料科學(xué)的發(fā)展，如今市面上出現(xiàn)了大量性能優(yōu)良的成品膩?zhàn)臃郏缒退佔(zhàn)臃邸h(huán)保膩?zhàn)臃鄣龋@些產(chǎn)品在調(diào)配時(shí)通常只需加水。以耐水膩?zhàn)臃蹫槔渑浞街刑砑恿丝稍俜稚⑷槟z粉、纖維素醚等高分子聚合物，這些成分在遇水后能夠形成具有良好粘結(jié)性能和耐水性能的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)，無需額外添加膠水就能滿足墻面施工的各項(xiàng)要求。?

With the development of materials science, there are now a large number of high-performance finished putty powders on the market, such as water-resistant putty powder, environmentally friendly putty powder, etc. These products usually only need to be mixed with water. Taking water-resistant putty powder as an example, its formula contains high molecular weight polymers such as redispersible latex powder and cellulose ether. These components can form a network structure with good adhesion and water resistance when in contact with water, and can meet various requirements for wall construction without the need for additional glue. ?

耐水膩?zhàn)臃奂铀{(diào)配后，在施工性能上并不遜色于加膠水的傳統(tǒng)膩?zhàn)印Ｋ哂辛己玫暮鸵仔裕子跀嚢杈鶆颍以谂芜^程中能夠輕松涂抹在墻面上，同時(shí)保持較好的附著力和抗流掛性。加水調(diào)配的耐水膩?zhàn)臃鄹稍锖螅纬傻哪佔(zhàn)訉佑捕雀摺⒛退詮?qiáng)，能夠有效抵御潮濕環(huán)境對(duì)墻面的侵蝕，減少因水分滲透導(dǎo)致的膩?zhàn)臃勖撀洹l(fā)霉等問題。?

After mixing water-resistant putty powder with water, its construction performance is not inferior to traditional putty with glue. It has good workability, easy to mix evenly, and can be easily applied to the wall during the scraping process, while maintaining good adhesion and anti sagging properties. After the water-resistant putty powder mixed with water is dried, the formed putty layer has high hardness and strong water resistance, which can effectively resist the erosion of damp environment on the wall, reduce the problems of putty powder falling off and mold caused by water infiltration. ?

在環(huán)保方面，加水調(diào)配的成品膩?zhàn)臃蹆?yōu)勢(shì)明顯。由于不添加含有害物質(zhì)的膠水，從源頭上降低了室內(nèi)空氣污染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，符合綠色環(huán)保的裝修理念。這對(duì)于家庭裝修，尤其是有老人、兒童、孕婦等對(duì)空氣質(zhì)量敏感人群的居住環(huán)境來說，至關(guān)重要。許多高端住宅和對(duì)室內(nèi)環(huán)境要求嚴(yán)格的場(chǎng)所，如醫(yī)院、學(xué)校等，都優(yōu)先選擇加水調(diào)配的環(huán)保型膩?zhàn)臃邸?

In terms of environmental protection, the finished putty powder mixed with water has obvious advantages. Due to the absence of adhesives containing harmful substances, the risk of indoor air pollution is reduced from the source, which is in line with the concept of green and environmentally friendly decoration. This is crucial for home decoration, especially for living environments that are sensitive to air quality, such as the elderly, children, pregnant women, etc. Many high-end residential buildings and places with strict indoor environmental requirements, such as hospitals, schools, etc., prioritize the use of environmentally friendly putty powder mixed with water. ?

特殊情況與應(yīng)對(duì)策略?

Special circumstances and coping strategies

盡管現(xiàn)代成品膩?zhàn)臃奂铀{(diào)配已成為主流，但在某些特殊情況下，仍可能需要對(duì)調(diào)配方式進(jìn)行調(diào)整。當(dāng)墻面基層吸水性極強(qiáng)，如一些未經(jīng)處理的新砌磚墻，即使使用成品膩?zhàn)臃郏部赡艹霈F(xiàn)膩?zhàn)訉铀挚焖俦晃桑瑢?dǎo)致粘結(jié)不牢、開裂等問題。此時(shí)，可在施工前對(duì)墻面基層進(jìn)行預(yù)處理，如涂刷界面劑或用清水充分潤(rùn)濕墻面，然后再正常加水調(diào)配膩?zhàn)臃圻M(jìn)行施工。若墻面基層狀況極差，存在嚴(yán)重的不平整、疏松等問題，單純依靠膩?zhàn)臃垭y以達(dá)到理想的修復(fù)和找平效果。在這種情況下，可能需要先使用水泥砂漿等材料對(duì)墻面進(jìn)行初步修復(fù)和找平，然后再用加水調(diào)配的膩?zhàn)臃圻M(jìn)行精細(xì)處理，以確保墻面的穩(wěn)定性和美觀度。

Although adding water to modern finished putty powder has become mainstream, in some special cases, adjustments to the mixing method may still be necessary. When the base layer of the wall has strong water absorption, such as some untreated new brick walls, even if finished putty powder is used, the moisture in the putty layer may be quickly absorbed, leading to problems such as weak bonding and cracking. At this point, pre-treatment can be carried out on the wall base before construction, such as applying interface agents or thoroughly wetting the wall with clean water, and then adding water to mix putty powder for construction. If the condition of the wall base is extremely poor, with serious unevenness, looseness and other problems, it is difficult to achieve the ideal repair and leveling effect solely relying on putty powder. In this case, it may be necessary to first use materials such as cement mortar to preliminarily repair and level the wall surface, and then use putty powder mixed with water for fine treatment to ensure the stability and aesthetics of the wall surface.

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