冬季低溫環(huán)境下容易影響膩?zhàn)又杏袡C(jī)添加劑的溶解，從而影響膩?zhàn)优魏蟮某赡べ|(zhì)量，所以冬季低溫環(huán)境施工存在較大的質(zhì)量問題，那么在冬季低溫進(jìn)行膩?zhàn)臃鄣氖┕?yīng)該注意哪些要求呢？

In low temperature environments in winter, it is easy to affect the dissolution of organic additives in putty, thereby affecting the film formation quality of putty after scraping. Therefore, there are significant quality problems in construction in low temperature environments in winter. So, what requirements should be paid attention to when applying putty powder at low temperatures in winter?

施工溫度要在5℃以上

The construction temperature should be above 5 ℃

施工溫度一直都是非常重要的因素，膩?zhàn)拥氖┕囟纫?℃以上。膩?zhàn)臃壑杏泻芏嗵砑觿鼈冃枰谝欢ǖ臏囟认虏拍苋芙猓羰菧囟冗^低，這些添加劑的溶解速度就會(huì)非常慢，無法充分溶解，這就會(huì)直接影響到后期的膩?zhàn)映赡に俣群唾|(zhì)量，導(dǎo)致施工性能和膩?zhàn)咏Y(jié)構(gòu)力降低。

The construction temperature has always been a very important factor, and the construction temperature of putty should be above 5 ℃. There are many additives in putty powder that need to be dissolved at a certain temperature. If the temperature is too low, the dissolution rate of these additives will be very slow and cannot be fully dissolved, which will directly affect the later film formation speed and quality of putty, leading to a decrease in construction performance and putty structural strength.

低溫會(huì)影響膩?zhàn)映赡ばЧ硗庠谝归g由于霜凍可能造成膩?zhàn)咏Y(jié)構(gòu)破壞，導(dǎo)致起粉、打磨脫層現(xiàn)象。施工時(shí)應(yīng)隨時(shí)關(guān)注天氣預(yù)報(bào)（溫度、濕度變化），若出現(xiàn)低溫（低于5℃）、高濕（85%）和雨雪天時(shí)，應(yīng)停止施工。若白天溫度高而早晚溫度低時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇在高溫時(shí)段施工，各地可以根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)際情況，如早上9點(diǎn)以后施工，下午3點(diǎn)停工，當(dāng)氣溫連續(xù)低于5℃時(shí)不允許施工。

Low temperature can affect the film-forming effect of putty, and at night, frost may cause damage to the putty structure, leading to powdering, polishing, and delamination. During construction, attention should be paid to weather forecasts (temperature and humidity changes) at all times. If there are low temperatures (below 5 ℃), high humidity (85%), and rainy or snowy days, construction should be stopped. If the temperature is high during the day and low in the morning and evening, construction should be carried out during high temperature periods. Local conditions can be adjusted accordingly, such as starting construction after 9am and stopping work at 3pm. Construction is not allowed when the temperature is continuously below 5 ℃.

施工環(huán)境過熱、過干也不行：膩?zhàn)邮┕みm宜在5℃-35℃的環(huán)境下進(jìn)行。

The construction environment is too hot or too dry, which is not suitable: putty construction should be carried out in an environment between 5 ℃ and 35 ℃.

刮膩?zhàn)邮┕で靶柽M(jìn)行測(cè)量

Measurement is required before applying putty

刮膩?zhàn)邮┕で埃枰扔贸咦觼磉M(jìn)行測(cè)量，看看墻面是否平整，以便于確定刮膩?zhàn)拥姆绞健９文佔(zhàn)右话闶┕と榧纯桑粌H讓墻面更加平整，而且能將底色覆蓋掉。

Before applying putty, it is necessary to measure with a ruler to see if the wall is flat, in order to determine the method of applying putty. Generally, applying putty three times is sufficient, which not only makes the wall smoother but also covers the base color.

如果墻面不平整的地方，則涂刮多遍膩?zhàn)觼磉M(jìn)行找平處理，但每道膩?zhàn)邮┕らg隔應(yīng)在兩三小時(shí)，確保墻面充分干燥。

If the wall is uneven, apply multiple layers of putty for leveling treatment, but the interval between each layer of putty should be two to three hours to ensure that the wall is fully dry.

膩?zhàn)訑嚢韬梅胖脦追昼姡贁嚢枋褂?/p>

Mix the putty well and let it stand for a few minutes before mixing and using

冬季水溫較低，膩?zhàn)臃奂铀螅佔(zhàn)又械奶砑觿┤芙馑俣茸兟芙馑俣葲]有溫度高的季節(jié)快，因此，在攪拌后放置10-15分鐘或二次攪拌，是為了給膩?zhàn)又械某煞痔峁┏浞秩芙獾臅r(shí)間以保證膩?zhàn)拥氖┕ば阅芎秃笃诔赡べ|(zhì)量，避免造成添加劑的浪費(fèi)。

In winter, the water temperature is relatively low. After adding water to putty powder, the dissolution rate of additives in putty slows down, and the dissolution rate is not as fast as in high temperature seasons. Therefore, after mixing, it is necessary to leave it for 10-15 minutes or secondary mixing to provide sufficient dissolution time for the components in putty to ensure its construction performance and later film quality, and to avoid waste of additives.

膩?zhàn)釉谡{(diào)制成膏狀后，在半天之內(nèi)用完，以免膩?zhàn)邮畬?dǎo)致施工性降低。

After the putty is formulated into a paste, it should be used up within half a day to avoid water loss and reduced workability.

膩?zhàn)优魏穸仍?mm-3mm之間

The thickness of putty batch scraping is between 1mm and 3mm

墻面膩?zhàn)拥呐我淮尾荒芴∫膊荒芴瘛?/p>

The batch of wall putty should not be too thin or too thick at once.

太薄，膩?zhàn)訉尤菀资^快導(dǎo)致膩?zhàn)映霈F(xiàn)粉化，終會(huì)影響涂裝的效果。

If it is too thin, the putty layer can easily lose water too quickly, leading to powdering of the putty and ultimately affecting the coating effect.

太厚，直接影響膩?zhàn)拥慕K硬化時(shí)間（干燥時(shí)間），一次批刮過厚將延長(zhǎng)干燥時(shí)間，在高濕度的環(huán)境下水分更容易富集在表面而導(dǎo)致起釉現(xiàn)象，打磨時(shí)容易形成破層，堿性耐水型膩?zhàn)訒?huì)更加普遍。

If it is too thick, it directly affects the final hardening time (drying time) of the putty. Scraping it too thick in one batch will prolong the drying time. In high humidity environments, water is more likely to accumulate on the surface, leading to glaze phenomenon. During polishing, it is easy to form a broken layer, and alkaline and water-resistant putty will be more common.

因此， 面層細(xì)膩?zhàn)邮┕ず穸韧ǔ？刂圃?mm左右；耐水、耐潮型面層膩?zhàn)痈鼞?yīng)該控制好批刮厚度；石膏基底層膩?zhàn)用勘槭┕ず穸韧ǔＴ?mm以上，因批刮厚度不一致，干燥程度差異，墻面會(huì)出現(xiàn)“大花臉”，屬于正常現(xiàn)象。

Therefore, the construction thickness of the fine putty on the surface layer is usually controlled at around 1mm; Waterproof and moisture resistant surface layer putty should have a better control over the thickness of the batch scraping; The thickness of each layer of gypsum base layer putty is usually above 3mm. Due to inconsistent batch scraping thickness and differences in drying degree, "large flower faces" may appear on the wall, which is a normal phenomenon.

每遍膩?zhàn)邮┕らg隔時(shí)間要求

Requirements for the interval time between each layer of putty construction

基層墻面膩?zhàn)邮┕ぃ话阈枰?遍，底層膩?zhàn)优魏笪锤赏覆坏米雒鎸幽佔(zhàn)樱龃隧?xiàng)工作應(yīng)在第一遍完全干透后(冬天一般間隔2-3天)后方可進(jìn)行第二遍批刮，否則會(huì)出現(xiàn)底層膩?zhàn)优c面層膩?zhàn)託馀荨⒖展暮兔搶蝇F(xiàn)象，特別是我們?cè)诙镜蜏厥┕ず挖s工期時(shí)特別要注意。

The construction of base layer wall putty generally requires three coats of scraping. If the bottom layer putty is not fully dried after scraping, the surface layer putty cannot be applied. This work should be done after the first coat is completely dry (usually 2-3 days in winter) before the second coat of scraping can be carried out. Otherwise, there may be bubbles, hollowing, and delamination between the bottom layer putty and the surface layer putty, especially during low-temperature construction and rush periods in winter.

冬季必須前一遍干透后再進(jìn)行下一遍的施工，冬季48-72小時(shí)，后一遍膩?zhàn)邮┕ね瓿珊螅稍餆o水印且產(chǎn)生硬度即可打磨，一般在批刮之后3天左右完成打磨，如局部濕度較高則適當(dāng)延長(zhǎng)，不可長(zhǎng)期晾置（7天以上可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致膩?zhàn)訉臃刍?/p>

In winter, the first layer of putty must be completely dry before proceeding with the next layer of construction. During winter, it takes 48-72 hours. After the last layer of putty construction is completed, it should be dried without water marks and produce hardness before polishing. Generally, polishing should be completed about 3 days after batch scraping. If the local humidity is high, it should be extended appropriately and not left to air for a long time (more than 7 days may cause the putty layer to powder).

膩?zhàn)臃纼黾巴L(fēng)干燥要求

Requirements for anti freezing and ventilation drying of putty

在刮膩?zhàn)邮┕ね瓿珊笸ǔＲM(jìn)行開窗通風(fēng)，加快膩?zhàn)拥牧栏伤俣取５窃诙臼彝獾臏囟容^低，很容易使得膩?zhàn)訉颖粌鲎　Ｋ酝L(fēng)的時(shí)間要盡量選擇在溫度偏高的中午，通風(fēng)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短也要好好把控，建議在上午10點(diǎn)至下午4點(diǎn)之間。

After the completion of putty application, it is usually necessary to open windows for ventilation to accelerate the drying speed of the putty. However, in winter, the outdoor temperature is relatively low, which can easily cause the putty layer to freeze. So the ventilation time should be chosen as much as possible at noon when the temperature is high, and the duration of ventilation should also be well controlled. It is recommended to do so between 10am and 4pm.

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